Magneto paths

Debatable, considering the two men form an uneasy truce. 16 RESISTS ROGUE’S POWERS Frequently cited as one of the most overpowered characters in all of Marvel comics, Rogue’s ability to absorb the superpowers of other superhumans has allowed her to wield the abilities of Marvel’s most formidable characters, including Ms. Marvel, Hulk and even the God of Thunder himself. Despite the incredible limits of her mutant power however, there’s one character who was able to completely negate the effects of her ability -- Magneto. While Rogue does technically succeed in siphoning Magneto’s mastery of magnetism, Erik’s powers are so potent that Rogue is only capable of absorbing a tiny fraction of them, making her newfound abilities all but useless against her enemy. 15 DEFEATS THE AVENGERS While the X-Men are no strangers to defeat at the hands of Magneto, it’s much less frequent that Earth’s Mightiest Heroes come into conflict with the Master of Magnetism. On the few occasions they have crossed paths however, Magneto has more than proved his status as one of the most powerful villains on the planet, even subduing an entire team of Avengers on more than one occasion. Seeking the Avengers’ help to stop the nefarious plans of Dr. Doom, the team is initially hostile towards Magneto, who proceeds to single-handedly defeat Yellowjacket, the Wasp, Vision, Wonder Man and even Thor without breaking a sweat. Similarly, Magneto also left an entire team of Avengers writhing in agony during Magneto: Dark Seduction #3, using his powers

Output, but just before the igniter points snap open, the magneto creates a pulse of high voltage. That pulse of voltage drives a large current, generally around 1 amp, which causes the coil to store a lot of energy in its magnetic field. When the igniter trips, the coil dumps that energy as a spark across the igniter points. The magneto then goes back to doing nothing for another 180 degrees of rotation.Figure 12: Scope trace of the actual voltage output of the Iowa Dairy magneto." src=" 12 is the actual voltage output of the magneto in Figure 1 at about 600 RPM. Each pulse of voltage is 70V tall but less than 0.010 second wide. Some magnetos will produce voltage pulses well over 100V that are only 0.005 of a second wide. But all low-tension rotary magnetos will have a voltage output similar to Figure 12. In this plot, as the armature gets near the 12 o’clock and 6 o’clock positions, a small voltage does begin to develop due to the extreme crowding on the edge of the pole piece and armature wing. The extreme crowding causes some lines to find other paths, not through the core, to complete their loop, resulting in less lines through the core and a smaller voltage.Mistake #3 is ignoring mistake 1 and trying to read the output voltage. No voltmeter on Planet Earth can read those 70 to 100V pulses that are 0.01 of a second wide or narrower. All meters, analog or digital, ignore the all-important narrow pulses and simply read what they can–the longer unimportant time where the voltage is near zero. Therefore, the 8 volts to 12 volts voltmeter readings typically reported provide no useful information. As stated in paragraph one, the current created by these unreadable voltage pulses determines the quality of a magneto. A method of measuring the current can be found in Addendum to Voltage Value. Magnetos are sometimes referred to as special generators. Looking at Figure 12, it’s clear that the magneto’s pulsed output would make a poor-quality generator, while the smooth output of a generator would produce a weak spark.Dr. David Cave is a regular contributor to Gas Engine Magazine and Farm Collector. He can be reached at jdengines@cox.net.

That is not a problem.This demonstration will arbitrarily assume that the magnet has 100 magnetic lines and initially they all pass through the armature core and thus the coil. Further, the magneto is sitting at the 3 o’clock position and will rotate counterclockwise.Figure 7: Magnetic path with armature at 3 o’clock." src=" magnetic line representing the 100 is added in Figure 7. The lines leave the N pole, pass into the half-moon-shaped pole piece, jump the 0.010-inch clearance air gap, down the armature core passing through the coil, jumping the second air gap into the pole piece, into the S pole, up and around the horseshoe to complete the closed loop. That path is mostly iron-based with just two small air gaps making other paths for the magnetic lines more difficult. Note the direction the lines are traveling as they pass down the armature core through the coil.Figure 8: Magnetic lines with armature at 1 o’clock." src=" Figure 8, the armature has rotated to 1 o’clock. As far as the coil is concerned, nothing much has changed. The magnetic lines now need to travel upward a bit in the pole piece but it’s still the easiest and preferred path. There are still 100 lines passing through the coil so no voltage is generated as the armature rotated from 3 o’clock to 1 o’clock.Figure 9: Magnetic lines with the armature at 12:30." src=" armature has progressed to about 12:30 in Figure 9. At 12:30, the lines need to travel even further in the pole piece and they will enter the armature on the end of a wing. Other paths will all have larger air gaps and, therefore, be more difficult.Figure 10: Magnetic lines at 11:30 with a direction reversal." src=" Figure 10, the rotor has progressed to 11:30. Wow, what happened? Now to avoid a large air gap at the top as the lines leave the N pole, , they travel downward to enter the armature. All 100 lines have flipped direction as they pass through the coil. The coil has gone from +100 lines to -100 lines, for a change of 200 lines. At 600 RPM, this would have happened in 0.008 second, resulting in a large voltage spike.Figure 11: The expected magnetic field and produced voltage." src=" the rotor continues to turn, the field remains at -100 and no voltage is developed until 6:30. Between 6:30 and 5:30, there will be another reversal. Figure 11 is a graph of what we just observed as the armature rotates through 360 degrees.The wings on the armature and the half-moon pole pieces make the rotary low-tension magneto a bit of a magical machine. Most of the time, the magneto is generating no