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What is MemInfo? MemInfo is a minimalistic task manager that sits in the system tray. Download. MemInfo 4.1 64 bit MemInfo 4.1 Portable 64 bit. MemInfo 3.51 SR1

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1. To verify interface state and IP address configured.ip addressSample:orifconfigSample:2. To monitoring interface throughput ifstat [option] [delay] [count]-i Specifies the list of interfaces to monitor, separated by commas. -b Reports bandwith in kbits/sec instead of kbytes/sec. -t Adds a timestamp at the beginning of each line. delay is the delay between updates in seconds, which defaults to 1. count is the number of updates before stopping. If not specified, it is unlimited.Sample:3. To show Linux routing tableroute -n show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host names. -A use the specified address family. (inet/inet6)Sample:4. To show ARP tablearp -an-a display (all) hosts in alternative (BSD) style-n, --numeric don't resolve namesSample:5. To show memory usagefree -m-k Display the amount of memory in kibibytes. This is the default.-m Display the amount of memory in mebibytes.-g Display the amount of memory in gibibytes.Sample:Output Explanation :total Total installed memory (MemTotal and SwapTotal in /proc/meminfo)used Used memory (calculated as total - free - buffers - cache)free Unused memory (MemFree and SwapFree in /proc/meminfo)shared Memory used (mostly) by tmpfs (Shmem in /proc/meminfo)buffers Memory used by kernel buffers (Buffers in /proc/meminfo)cache Memory used by the page cache and slabs (Cached and SReclaimable in /proc/meminfo)buff/cache Sum of buffers and cacheavailable Estimation of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping. Unlike the data provided by the cache or free fields, this field takes into account page cache and also that not all reclaimable memory slabs will be reclaimed due to items being in use (MemAvailable in /proc/meminfo, available on kernels 3.14, emulated on kernels 2.6.27+, otherwise the same as free)6. To show CPU utilization, load average, running processes.top-H :Threads-mode operation Instructs top to display individual threads.-n :Number-of-iterations limit as: -n number Specifies the maximum number of iterations, or frames, top should produce before ending.Sample:7. To report file system disk space usagedf [OPTION]-a include pseudo, duplicate, inaccessible file systems-h human-readable -k 1024-byte blocks (default)-m 1M-byte blocksSample: 8. To show current running processps -ef 9. Show network connections and socketsss -an-a display all sockets-n don't resolve service names-p show process using socketSample :ornetstat -an-a Show both listening and non-listening sockets.-p Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.-n Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host, port or user names.Sample :10. To verify system time and ntpdateandntpq -pSample :In case you need to restart ntp/etc/init.d/ntpd restart11. To verify if DNS working Current DNS server configured for edge self.cat /var/etc/dnsmasq-secure.confSample:nslookupordigSample :you can change another DNS server to resolve required name.or use dig for DNS testingIn case you need to restart DNS service./etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart12. To check http/https connectivity to destination URL (For example, you need to verify the https connection Usage by processes that can be further divided into:VIRT(virtual Image)RES(Resident Size)SHR(Shared Memory Size)S which is for displaying the process stateCPU usage by each process in percentageoverall memory usage by each task in percentagetime each task or process has been running forand finally, the command that is being executedMethod 3: Using the “cat” /proc/meminfo CommandThis method again relies on the terminal to display the memory usage. The /proc/meminfo file provides detailed information about memory usage on the Linux system. Each line in the file represents a different aspect of memory usage. The first few lines provide summary information about memory usage, while the remaining lines provide more detailed information about specific areas of memory.To view the “/proc/meminfo” file, open a terminal and type:cat /proc/meminfocat /proc/meminfoHere is a breakdown of some of the information provided in each line of /proc/meminfo:MemTotal: This is the total amount of physical memory on the system.MemFree: This is the amount of physical memory that is not being used by the system.Buffers: This is the amount of memory being used by buffers. Buffers are used by the kernel to store data that is being read from or written to disk.Cached: This is the amount of memory being used by the page cache. The page cache is used by the kernel to store recently accessed data in memory so that it can be quickly accessed again.Active: This is the amount of memory that is currently being used by active processes.Inactive: This is the amount of memory that is not

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By /proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages.Hugepagesize is the default hugepage size (in Kb).Alternatively we can use sysctl command:sysctl vm.nr_hugepagesTransparent Huge Pages (AnonHugePages):To check the status and usage of Transparent Huge Pages, you can use the /proc/meminfo and /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage files. Here's how:# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabledalways madvise [never]Here,"always" means that an application requesting THP will stall on allocation failure and directly reclaim pages and compact memory in an effort to allocate a THP immediately. This may be desirable for virtual machines that benefit heavily from THP use and are willing to delay the VM start to utilise them."madvise" will enter direct reclaim like "always" but only for regions that are have used madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE). This is the default behaviour."never" should be self-explanatory.To check the THP defrag status, use the following command:~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag[always] madvise neverThis command will show the current THP defrag status, which can be "always", "madvise", "defer", "defer+madvise", or "never".The AnonHugePages value in /proc/meminfo represents the current memory usage by Transparent Huge Pages (THP) in your Linux system. The value is displayed in kilobytes (kB).~]# grep -i anonhugepages /proc/meminfoAnonHugePages: 884736 kBIn this example, AnonHugePages: 884736 kB indicates that 884,736 kilobytes of memory are being used by Transparent Huge Pages.This value provides insight into how much memory is being utilized by THP, which can help assess the impact of THP on the system's performance and whether it's beneficial for our specific workloads.How to check if static hugepage is disabled?To check if nr_hugepages (static hugepages) is disabled or not, you can look at the total number of allocated static hugepages in the system. If the value is 0, it indicates that static hugepages are not preallocated.You can check the total number of static hugepages using the /proc/meminfo file or the sysctl command:In the below snippets as you see the value of HugePages_Total and nr_hugepages is 0 which means that explicit hugepage is disabled on my system.If you see a non-zero value here then it means that the provided amount of memory is reserved in the kernel for explicit transparent hugepage.# cat /sys/devices/system/node/node*/meminfo | fgrep HugeNode 0 AnonHugePages: 0 kBNode 0 HugePages_Total: 0Node 0 HugePages_Free: 0Node 0 HugePages_Surp: 0# grep -i huge /proc/meminfoAnonHugePages: 174080 kBHugePages_Total: 0HugePages_Free: 0HugePages_Rsvd: 0HugePages_Surp: 0Hugepagesize: 2048 kB# sysctl -a | grep nr_hugepagesvm.nr_hugepages = 0SummaryHugepages in Linux is a memory management technique that optimizes system performance by using larger memory pages, typically 2MB or 1GB, instead of the standard 4KB pages. By employing hugepages, the Linux kernel reduces the overhead associated with the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB), a cache responsible for managing and translating virtual-to-physical memory addresses. This optimization is particularly beneficial for workloads with large memory footprints, such as databases, virtualization, and high-performance computing.There are two types of hugepages in Linux: Explicit Huge Pages (static. What is MemInfo? MemInfo is a minimalistic task manager that sits in the system tray. Download. MemInfo 4.1 64 bit MemInfo 4.1 Portable 64 bit. MemInfo 3.51 SR1 MemInfo, free download. MemInfo 3.51: MemInfo Review: Keep Track of Your System Memory Usage MemInfo is a lightweight and user-friendly software

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The last PRTG release for 2024 is now available in the stable channel! This release includes the new SNMP Disk Free v2 and WMI Microsoft SQL Server 2022 sensors. It also introduces the experimental SNMP UPS Status, SSH Meminfo v2, SSH Load Average v2, and SSH Remote Ping v2 sensors, along with updates to the German and Spanish language files. Here are the details:New sensors in PRTG*️⃣ SNMP Disk Free v2 sensorThe SNMP Disk Free v2 sensor is now fully supported. Initially introduced as an experimental sensor in version 23.3.86, this sensor allows you to monitor the free disk space on logical drives using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).*️⃣ WMI Microsoft SQL Server 2022 sensorTo support Microsoft SQL Server as of version 2022, this new sensor monitors server performance via Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI). If you’re running SQL Server 2022, this sensor helps ensure smooth performance and quick issue resolution.Experimental sensors*️⃣ SNMP UPS Status sensorThis sensor lets you monitor the status of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) via SNMP, with channels such as Battery Status, Charge Remaining, Current Load, and Estimated Time Remaining.*️⃣ SSH Meminfo v2 sensorMonitor memory usage on Linux/Unix systems with the experimental SSH Meminfo v2 sensor. Get insights into available memory (bytes) and percent available memory. Please note: macOS distributions are not supported.*️⃣ SSH Load Average v2 sensorKeep an eye on system load averages over 1, 5, and 15-minute intervals with the experimental SSH Load Average v2 sensor. This is ideal for monitoring Linux/Unix systems via Secure Shell (SSH).*️⃣ SSH Remote Ping v2 sensorCheck connectivity between Linux/macOS systems and other devices using the SSH Remote Ping v2 sensor. This experimental sensor measures average response times, maximum response times and packet loss.Additional improvements and fixesVersion 24.4.102 includes updates for German and Spanish language files, several UI enhancements, and fixes for existing sensor types:✅ Scale factor for custom sensors: You can now define a scale factor as integer or floating-point number for Custom Sensors (Modbus, OPC UA, and REST Custom v2 BETA) during sensor setup.✅ Enhanced SNMP HPE ProLiant Physical Disk sensor: Additional status values for hot spare disks are The following aspects of THP:Memory Management in Linux: In Linux, memory is divided into fixed-size chunks called pages. The default page size is 4KB, and the kernel uses a data structure called the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) to manage and translate virtual-to-physical memory addresses. The use of small pages can lead to TLB inefficiencies and performance bottlenecks when dealing with large memory regions.Hugepages: Hugepages are memory pages with significantly larger sizes, typically 2MB or 1GB. By using hugepages, the kernel can map larger memory regions using fewer TLB entries, reducing the overhead associated with TLB management and improving overall system performance.Transparent Allocation: THP operates transparently to applications, which means that it automatically allocates hugepages without requiring any changes to the application code or manual configuration. The kernel dynamically and adaptively allocates hugepages when possible and falls back to smaller pages when needed.Advantages: Some key benefits of THP include reduced TLB overhead, improved memory management efficiency, and better overall system performance. THP is particularly beneficial for applications with large memory footprints, such as databases, virtualization, and high-performance computing workloads.Potential Drawbacks: Despite its advantages, THP may introduce some challenges, such as increased memory fragmentation, longer garbage collection pauses, or higher memory consumption in specific scenarios. These issues can be mitigated by tuning THP configurations or selectively enabling/disabling THP for specific applications.Configuration and Tuning: THP can be configured and tuned through the sysfs filesystem. Users can enable/disable THP system-wide or for specific processes, control the allocation policy (always, madvise, or never), and monitor the number of hugepages allocated.Some more articles on similar topic:Check HugePage StatusThe /proc/meminfo file provides information about the total number of persistent hugetlb pages in the kernel's huge page pool. It also displays default huge page size and information about the number of free, reserved and surplus huge pages in the pool of huge pages of default size.Explicit Huge Pages (nr_hugepages):To check the current configuration of static hugepages, you can use the /proc/meminfo file or the sysctl command. Here's how:# grep -i ^Huge /proc/meminfoHugePages_Total: 50226HugePages_Free: 50226HugePages_Rsvd: 0HugePages_Surp: 0Hugepagesize: 2048 kBHere,HugePages_Total is the size of the pool of huge pages and is configured using /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepagesHugePages_Free is the number of huge pages in the pool that are not yet allocated.HugePages_Rsvd is short for "reserved," and is the number of huge pages for which a commitment to allocate from the pool has been made, but no allocation has yet been made. Reserved huge pages guarantee that an application will be able to allocate a huge page from the pool of huge pages at fault time.HugePages_Surp is short for "surplus," and is the number of huge pages in the pool above the value in /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages. The maximum number of surplus huge pages is controlled

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Checking the amount of installed RAM and monitoring how much is actually being used is a fundamental task that anyone new to Ubuntu should learn.Or if you’re encountering random crashes, file corruption, or similar problems, you may need to test the RAM for faults. We’ll cover all such topics in this article.Check RAM Size and SpeedThere are numerous ways to get RAM stats on Ubuntu. If you only need to check the free and used memory, the free command can do this quickly. Use the mega flag to display the output in megabytes.free --mega If you want more detailed info on the RAM (type, frequency, size, form factor, etc.), you can use dmidecode instead.sudo dmidecode --type memory Another alternative is the vmstat command which displays various system resource stats. You can use the -s flag to display mainly memory stats. vmstat -s You can also read the /proc/meminfo file to get memory stats such as used/available memory, cache, swap space, etc.cat /proc/meminfo Monitor RAM UsageMost of the commands shown earlier display RAM usage stats. But those were one-off values. If you want to monitor RAM usage over time with updating data, you can use the GNOME System Monitor or even better, CLI tools like top and htop. Test for Faulty RAMOne complaint we often see from new Ubuntu users is that their system is maxing out on memory very easily. Ubuntu borrows unused memory for disk caching, which improves system responsiveness. You’ll find the exact amount under the ‘cache’ label. Programs can simply take this cache memory when required, so it’s not limiting the available memory for programs or anything of the sort. There are no downsides to this, aside from the stats being a bit misleading for beginners.When viewing RAM usage stats, Free indicates memory that isn’t used by anything, while Available indicates how much memory is actually available (including disk caching).Sometimes, there could actually be faults in your memory subsystem causing high memory usage, or other issues like crashes. We recommend using memtester to stress-test and find any faults in such cases.sudo apt install memtester Use memtester like sosudo memtester 2048 3The above command will malloc 2048 MB of memory, and if that’s successful, mlock the memory. Then, it’ll run the tests 3 times. If any faults are detected, you’ll need to perform further hardware diagnostic steps to determine what exactly the problem is. It could be bad memory modules or other faulty hardware like CPU or PSU as well.Additionally, other tests like mprime can be useful if memtest doesn’t detect any faults but you’re still facing unexplained crashes and similar issues on your system.

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From the page_alloc.c source below you can see the estimate part of the calculation is what proportion of the page cache and reclaimable slab memory can be freed without causing swapping. In both cases at least half (or the low watermark from /proc/zoneinfo if more) is assumed to be needed.Therefore the limit of any "inaccuracy" for each can only be between low watermark and assuming all can be freed which certainly isn't true.Whether half (as opposed to 1/4 or 3/4 say) is a fair assumption would depend on your system and usage - from the original commit It is wrong because Cached includes memory that is not freeable as page cache, for example shared memory segments, tmpfs, and ramfs, and it does not include reclaimable slab memory, which can take up a large fraction of system memory on mostly idle systems with lots of files.In this Unix & Linux question, How can I get the amount of available memory portably across distributions?, comments indicate calculating it gives larger values than reading from /proc/meminfo but this needn't always be true.long si_mem_available(void){ long available; unsigned long pagecache; unsigned long wmark_low = 0; unsigned long pages[NR_LRU_LISTS]; unsigned long reclaimable; struct zone *zone; int lru; for (lru = LRU_BASE; lru. What is MemInfo? MemInfo is a minimalistic task manager that sits in the system tray. Download. MemInfo 4.1 64 bit MemInfo 4.1 Portable 64 bit. MemInfo 3.51 SR1

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Both "kilobyte" and "kB" are also sometimes used to indicate binary (1024 byte) units. This usage well predates the invention of dedicated binary "kibi-" prefixes, especially in contexts where true decimal units would make little or no sense.For example, RAM usage is always measured in binary units (e.g. a "4kB page" is always 4096 bytes, never 4000), so the more familiar "kilo-" or "mega-" prefixes are typically used even if the actual sizes are binary.In your case (I checked the kernel code that creates the /proc/meminfo file), the kernel internally counts memory in terms of free pages (which are typically 4k or 16k but always power-of-two) and its show_val_kb() function uses a bit shift operation (which is equivalent to a multiplication by power-of-two, producing binary units again) to convert the page count into a kilobyte value:static void show_val_kb(struct seq_file *m, const char *s, unsigned long num){ seq_put_decimal_ull_width(m, s, num (On x86 and x86_64 systems PAGE_SHIFT is always 12, so a memory page is 1 bytes which is equal to 1×212 i.e. 4096, and the above function ends up multiplying the page count by 2(12−10) before displaying it as "kB".)The 'lsblk' and 'fdisk' disk partitioning tools from util-linux also work with binary units by default. For example, +2G in fdisk is equivalent to +2GiB. (However, fdisk also accepts +2GB if you want a decimal-sized partition for some reason.)